Biochemical pattern of thyroid function test and clinical impression of thyroid disorder in a rural tertiary health institution in Nigeria

Ahmed Kayode Jimoh; Muritala Segun Ghazal; Adewoyin Babajide Adeleke; Adebayo Augustine Adeniyi; Idowu Oluseyi Adebara; Fatai Olakunle Babalola; Gbadebo Oladimeji Ajani; Matthew Segun Agboola; Olusegun Adesola Busari

doi:10.4103/aam.aam_31_19

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Year : 2020 | Volume : 19 | Issue : 2 | Page : 89-94

Biochemical pattern of thyroid function test and clinical impression of thyroid disorder in a rural tertiary health institution in Nigeria

Ahmed Kayode Jimoh¹, Muritala Segun Ghazal¹, Adewoyin Babajide Adeleke², Adebayo Augustine Adeniyi³, Idowu Oluseyi Adebara³, Fatai Olakunle Babalola⁴, Gbadebo Oladimeji Ajani⁵, Matthew Segun Agboola⁶, Olusegun Adesola Busari⁵
¹ Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, AdoEkiti, Federal Teaching Hospital, IdoEkiti Annex, Ekiti State, Nigeria
² Department of Chemical Pathology, Federal Teaching Hospital, IdoEkiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
³ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, AdoEkiti, Federal Teaching Hospital, IdoEkiti Annex, Ekiti State, Nigeria
⁴ Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, AdoEkiti, Federal Teaching Hospital, IdoEkiti Annex, Ekiti State, Nigeria
⁵ Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, AdoEkiti, Federal Teaching Hospital, IdoEkiti Annex, Ekiti State, Nigeria
⁶ Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, AdoEkiti, Federal Teaching Hospital, IdoEkiti Annex, Ekiti State, Nigeria

Correspondence Address:
Dr. Ahmed Kayode Jimoh
Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State; Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti (Annex), P.M.B. 201, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State
Nigeria

Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None

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DOI: 10.4103/aam.aam_31_19

Background: Thyroid disorders are one of the most common endocrine disorders seen globally. Diagnostic challenge may arise both clinically and biochemically because of the multiple function of thyroid hormones (THs). Request for thyroid function test (TFT s) may be based on clinical impression that may suggest thyroid dysfunction or obvious symptoms and signs that are diagnostic of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study looks at the biochemical patterns of TFTs and the clinical impression of thyroid disorders in a rural tertiary institution. Information extracted from the laboratory register includes indication for the test, the hospital number, the gender, the age, and the THs assayed. The corresponding biochemical pattern of the TFT result was established. Results: A total of 297 requests were submitted for TH assay; 34 were excluded from the present study because there were no clinical information. There were 239 females and 24 males giving a female-to-male ratio of 9.9:1. Majority of the requests (36.5%) were for goiters, followed by gynecological disorders (20.9%) and clinical thyroid disorders (17.9%). About 46% (45.8%) of the goiter cases were biochemically euthyroid, whereas 13.5% were biochemically primary hyperthyroid. Among the 47 cases of thyroid disorders by the physician's clinical impression, 27.7% were euthyroid, 17% were biochemically hyperthyroid, and 10.6% were hypothyroid. Of the 55 gynecological disorders assessed, only 7.3% show biochemical evidence of TH alteration with 56.4% being euthyroid. About 47% (46.6%) of those that did routine medical examination had altered TH level that includes hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Conclusion: Goiter is the most prevalent thyroid disorder in this environment. Biochemical pattern of thyroid function test in our environment was mostly euthyroid despites clinical features suggestive of thyroid disorders.

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